Vol. 9, Issue 4, Part A (2025)

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures worldwide and is highly effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with advanced knee arthritis. Despite predictable long-term success, the early and intermediate postoperative period is commonly accompanied by a spectrum of symptoms that may cause anxiety for patients and uncertainty for clinicians. Distinguishing expected postoperative complaints from warning signs of complications is therefore essential for optimal recovery and timely intervention. Common postoperative complaints include pain, swelling, stiffness, warmth, bruising, altered sensation, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and functional limitation, many of which represent normal inflammatory and healing responses. However, similar symptoms may also signal serious conditions such as infection, deep vein thrombosis, prosthetic loosening, malalignment, or arthrofibrosis if they are excessive, progressive, or persistent beyond expected timelines. Misinterpretation of symptoms may lead to unnecessary investigations, delayed rehabilitation, or overlooked complications. This article provides a focused narrative overview of common postoperative complaints following total knee arthroplasty, emphasizing their typical onset, duration, and clinical significance. The objective is to clearly delineate what constitutes a normal postoperative course versus features that should prompt further evaluation. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical practice perspectives, the review aims to support informed clinical decision-making, improve patient counseling, and reduce postoperative anxiety. Enhanced understanding of postoperative symptom patterns may facilitate early recognition of abnormal recovery trajectories and contribute to improved functional outcomes and patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty. Clear communication regarding expected recovery milestones empowers patients to actively participate in rehabilitation, adhere to physiotherapy, and report concerning changes promptly, thereby strengthening shared decision making and postoperative safety across diverse healthcare settings. This distinction is particularly relevant as surgical volumes rise globally and care pathways increasingly emphasize early discharge, outpatient follow-up, and value-based outcome assessment within modern orthopaedic practice and multidisciplinary perioperative care models.