Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common and under-diagnosed medical conditions in the world, since a significant proportion of the population in many countries and regions around the world have low vitamin D levels.

Aim of the study: To evaluate bone mineral density and vitamin D level in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics of the Medical institute. For the study, we selected patients from the outpatient department of the Orthopedics department diagnosed with knee osteoarthrits. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiological studies. Patients taking osteotropic medication, with rheumatoid disease, plasmacytoma, nicotine or alcohol abuse, hypercortisolism, hyperthyreosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism were excluded from the study. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. After the grouping of the patients, the Serum 25(OH)D estimation of each patient was done by collecting blood from venipuncture site. The patients were grouped according to the Serum 25(OH)D level, >30 ng/dl and <30 ng/dl.

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 71.65 years. The patients were grouped into group 1, 2 and 3 based on their BMD scores. The number of patients in group 1 was 33, in group 2 was 42, and in group 3 was 25. The mean age of the patients in group 1 was 61.28 years, group 2 was 73.11 years and group 3 was 76.14 years. In Group 1, the number of patients with Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 10 and Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 13. In Group 2, the number of patients with Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 22 and Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 20. In group 3, the number of patients with Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 15 and Serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 10.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study we conclude that, periodic screening of vitamin D levels in patients should be done and treated as needed, and thereby, reduce the risk of osteoarthritis and other complications.